PowerBase: Just completed: NUWG - UK police overturning lawful pressure groups

[Tony Gosling]

National Undercover Working Group
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Part of a series on
Undercover Policing Organisations
National Undercover Working Group
Alias:	
NUWG
Description:	
National body for setting the framework for undercover policing in the UK
Parent organisations:	
Association of Chief Police Officers, National Police Chief's Council
Dates:	
1990s to present (2015)
The National Undercover Working Group (NUWG) is a 
organisation that bring together practitioners in 
undercover policing from all UK police forces 
under the aegis of the Association of Chief 
Police Officers and then the National Police 
Chief's Council. Existing since the 1990s, it is 
chaired by an officer of Assistant Chief 
Constable level.[1] Following a reorganisation of 
policing structures it has been tasked with 
providing "strategic leadership and direction in 
this sensitive area of police work."[2] It works 
with the College of Policing to set national 
standards and provide a framework for undercover 
policing across the United Kingdom.
Little is known about the Group, other than what 
was revealed in Stephen Otter's 2014 report for 
HM Inspectorate of Constabulary, An inspection of 
undercover policing in England and Wales.[2] 
Numbers in parenthesis below refer to specific paragraphs in that report.
The NUWG came under heavy criticism in Otter's 
report, which said it suffered from poor 
leadership. It had taken a year to adopt 
recommendations of a 2012 report from the 
National Policing Improvement Agency (NPIA) (now 
also part of the College of Policing), while the 
implantation was far from complete.(paragraph 
8.19) The 2014 report also highlighted a 
significant number of problems with the framework 
under which undercovers were deployed, as well as 
a lack of standards and processes. These problems 
included inconsistent training and psychological 
assessment, authorising and decision-making, and compliance.[2]
In the wake of the scandal surrounding Mark 
Kennedy and revelations about other undercover 
officers the College of Policing created in 2014 
the National Undercover Scrutiny Panel 'to 
provide greater transparency and review of undercover policing'.[3]
Contents [hide]
1 Organisation ownership
2 Activities and internal organisation
2.1 Accreditation of undercover officers
2.2 National guidance on undercover policing
2.3 Placement of undercovers
3 Criticism
4 Members
4.1 Chair people
4.2 Other members
5 See also
6 External Resources
7 Notes
Organisation ownership

The NUWG started of as a working group 
established by the Chief Constables' Council, 
which was the highest decision-making level of 
the Association of Chief Police Officers. The 
Council was 'responsible for coordinating 
operational policing needs and leading the 
implementation of national standards set by the 
College of Policing or the government.' (paragraph 7.9).
For a long time, ACPO was one of the leading 
police organisations in England and Wales 
providing many national functions, though its 
structure as a private company brought it in for 
criticism. One of its most important divisions 
was the Terrorism and Allied Matters Committee 
(ACPO TAM), which oversaw the domestic extremism 
units, and thus the undercover police targeting 
protest groups. Following the exposure of one of 
its undercovers, Mark Kennedy, the domestic 
extremism units were transferred to the 
Metropolitan Police. In 2013, an independent 
review by General Sir Nick Parker recommended 
that ACPO be replaced by a new body in the 
interests of greater transparency and cost 
effectiveness.[4][5] On the basis of these 
recommendations two new organisations were 
formed, the National Police Chief's Council and 
the College of Policing, with the latter taking 
over some of ACPO's functions but also those of 
the National Policing Improvement Agency.
For a while the transition period lead to a 
situation with chief police officers running 
portfolios and business areas in both ACPO and 
the College of Policing. The 2014 HMIC report 
tried to explain the situation at that point in time (paragraph 7.10-7.13):
There are 12 national policing business areas 
that provide the direction and development of 
policing policy and practice in specific areas. 
The chief constables who lead these business 
areas are members of both the College’s 
Professional Committee and the Chief Constables’ 
Council. Within each business area, there are a 
number of portfolios and working groups led by 
chief police officers who act as national 
policing leads for specific issues. The Crime 
Business Area has responsibility for the 
development of undercover policing policy and 
practice, and this is delegated to the Organised Crime Portfolio...
Supporting the work of the Organised Crime 
Portfolio are 14 themed-based working groups, one 
of which is the National Undercover Working Group.
The National Undercover Working Group is a 
multi-agency group which works with the College 
of Policing to set national standards in the area 
of undercover policing. It also helps chief 
constables to provide strategic leadership and 
direction in this sensitive area of police work. 
The Working Group is led by a chief officer and 
comprises trained and experienced officers and 
related specialists, who provide advice and their 
expertise to ensure that its guidance is relevant and accurate.
The members of the Working Group meet every six 
months. A police officer or equivalent from every 
area or region of law enforcement in the United 
Kingdom with an undercover capability sits on the 
Working Group. Organisations that have a direct 
interest in its work, such as the College of Policing, are also represented.
In 2012 and 2013, the NUWG was part of the ACPO 
Crime Business Area's Serious and Organised Crime 
Portfolio;[1][6][7] As part of various 
re-organisations of policing structures, 
responsibility for standards transferring to the 
College of Policing in the latter year,[8] though 
the NUWG itself has subsequently passed from ACPO 
to the National Police Chief's Council.[9]
Activities and internal organisation

The 2014 HMRC report also described the work of 
the National Undercover Working Group (paragraph 7.19 - 7.21):
To raise standards and to improve the way in 
which the police and law enforcement agencies use 
the tactic of undercover policing. Address issues 
concerning: the deployment of undercover 
officers; the psychological support that officers 
receive; the accreditation and registration of 
undercover units; the identification, development 
and promotion of best practice; and the 
development and production of policies and procedures.
With the College of Policing, to be at the 
forefront of developments concerning national training and accepted practice.
Co-ordinate all matters of an international 
nature in the world of undercover policing, 
primarily by liaising with the International 
Working Group on Undercover Police Activities.
On paper, the Group is further divided into seven 
sub-groups, each led by a senior police officer 
and helped by practitioners with a specific 
knowledge. The sub-groups would cover issues such 
as training; legal issues and standards; the role 
of the cover officer and welfare issues; the role 
of the undercover covert manager; legend-building 
for undercover officers; undercover online 
policing; and the use of technical equipment. 
However, according to the HMIC report, a number 
of these subgroups appear to have fallen by the 
wayside, while others lacked certainty around 
purpose and objectives. (paragraph 7.36)
Finding out more about the current activities of 
the Group is difficult, and has to be collected 
from occasional mentions in other reports.
For instance, in July 2012, in the wake of the 
Mark Kennedy exposure and the collapse of 
Ratcliffe-on-Soar case, all parties involved with 
undercover policing signed a memorandum of 
understanding to improve their cooperation.(paragraph 7.104)[10]
The Annual Report of the Chief Surveillance 
Inspector (2013-2014) shows that the Secretary 
and Chair of the NUWG have occasional meetings 
with the Office of Surveillance 
Commissioners.[11] Another section of the Annual 
Report indicates that these meetings are used to 
address the Office's findings on shortcomings 
found during inspections. The Report mentions 
lack of clarity in relation to the requirements 
of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act, in 
the day to day management and oversight of 
undercover operatives. Updates on longer-running 
operations suffer from "cut and paste" content, 
where collateral intrusion is mentioned in 
particular as 'all too often a formulaic entry, month after month'.[12]
Accreditation of undercover officers
Accreditation of training courses for undercover 
officers is currently done via the College of 
Policing using the work of the NUWG. Thus, the 
National Undercover Working Group has approved 
the training course for officers seeking advanced 
undercover work offered by Metropolitan Police 
Service, Greater Manchester Police and the 
Serious Organised Crime Agency (now the National 
Crime Agency). (paragraph 8.61)
All police officers seeking to be trained as 
undercover officers must be approved in an 
interview with a 'national assessment panel'. This panel:[2]
'consists of two senior officers with 
responsibility for an accredited undercover unit 
and an experienced undercover covert operations 
manager appointed by the chair of the National Undercover Working Group.
The NUWG also accredited the Special Project 
Teams (SPT) of the four Counter Terrorism Units 
for undercover work. The SPTs had taken over 
responsibility for undercover infiltration in 
relation to counter-terrorism and domestic extremism.[6]
By June 2013, the NUWG was in the process of 
developing a national training course for 
Authorising Officers (those with the necessary 
training and rank to authorise the deployment of 
an undercover officer), which was to be finalised 
over the next 12 months. '[U]ntil then, there is 
still no formal training provision for ACPO authorising officers.'[6]
This training course appears to have been 
subsequently rolled out, by the College of 
Policing[13] and the Metropolitan Police,[14] 
while a number of private companies are offering similar training.[15]
National guidance on undercover policing
The NUWG authors the main police guidance on the 
training and use of undercover policing and help 
sets national professional standards. In 
particular, it prepared the section on Undercover 
Policing of the Authorised Professional Practice 
(APP).[2] Formerly under the aegis of ACPO, but 
now with the College of Policing, the APP is the 
national source of professional guidance on 
policing in England and Wales. According to a HM 
Inspectorate of Constabulary 2012 report:[1]
To this end, HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) and the 
Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) 
National Undercover Working Group (NUWG) 
developed guidance that set out the necessary 
control measures by which managers assure 
themselves and the courts that the undercover 
officer has conducted themselves correctly. This 
guidance also provides a definition of undercover officers
The 2012 HMIC report also states:[1]
... the main source of operational advice on the 
use of the undercover tactic is the ACPO 
guidance. These guidelines set out mandatory 
control measures for all UK law enforcement 
bodies that deploy undercover officers. The 
procedures were written in June 2003 and require 
updating in order to reflect changes in the past 
eight years and to provide clearer guidance in 
relation to specific issues. HMIC is aware that 
the National Undercover Working Group (NUWG)... 
is currently working on producing updated guidance.
Of this guidance, HMIC said in relation to 
undercover policing: 'The guidance is not 
comprehensive, and, as a result, not of great use 
to those responsible for managing undercover 
deployments or for those who are actually deployed.' (paragraph 5.70).
The College of Policing stated in June 2013, in 
response to the HMIC 2013 review, that it was 
working with the NUWG to review existing 
guidelines on undercover police work and was 
taking into account the recommendations of the 
2012 HMIC report.[16] The updated guidelines were 
published in summer 2015 on the College of 
Policing's website as part of the Authorised Professional Practice.[17]
Placement of undercovers
Another sign of the ongoing role in the placement 
of undercover officers for the NUWG is this 2012 job advert:[18]
G4S Policing Solutions are currently recruiting 
for a Covert Policing Tactical Advisor. The 
successful applicant will be required to 
supervise undercover officers, provide expertise 
on covert policing techniques and develop an 
effective covert policing capability within the 
Eastern Region Special Operations Unit (ERSOU) as 
part of the National Undercover Working Group 
structure. To contribute to achieving the Force vision, purpose and values.
Key responsibilities include the following:
To provide expertise on covert policing 
techniques including tactical advice and guidance 
to senior investigating officers managing undercover operations.
To undertake the administration, co-ordination 
and facilitation of undercover operations 
including the provision of expert tactical advice 
to relevant parties in aspects of covert law 
enforcement in general and undercover operations in particular.
To assist with asset procurement and maintenance 
of all ERUU covert assets and infrastructure.
To supervise undercover officers working for and 
on behalf of ERSOU thus providing the best 
possible support to the region and outside agencies.
To ensure appropriate and safe use of ERUU 
undercover officers for both legend building and 
deployment for other units as part of the 
National Undercover Working Group structure.
To maintain and where necessary establish close 
working arrangements with other professional 
bodies and agencies at the appropriate level.
To maintain effective liaison with, Force and 
Regional officers including LPC/ BCU (Basic 
Command Unit) at the appropriate level in 
determining the services that can be provided and 
to ensure the appropriate service/support is provided.
To deputise when directed for the ERUU Detective Sergeants.
To ensure all ERUU undercover officers receive 
suitable training, guidance and direction.
To maintain an awareness of national, regional 
and force developments in the areas of covert 
policing, relevant legislation and changes in the 
requirements of the Criminal Justice System.
To represent the ERUU undercover officer where 
relevant, as part of the National Undercover Working Group structure.
Criticism

The 2014 HMIC report wrote:[2]
52. Overall, we found that the Working Group is 
not working effectively, and that it has not done 
so for some time. Those to whom we spoke had 
little confidence in the Working Group’s ability 
to provide policy and guidance that should then 
be adopted across all forces. There was also a 
perception that the Working Group did not have 
sufficient support from chief officers to give it 
the influence that it needed to make sure that 
forces complied with the national standards in a 
consistent way. Too often, it relied too heavily 
on the views of its influential and experienced 
members to make decisions, rather than taking a 
more objective approach based on sound evidence and good analysis....
and
7.51 Recent work by the College of Policing in 
support of the National Undercover Working Group 
is encouraging, but we believe that root and 
branch reform of the way the Working Group operates is needed
Recommendation 11 The chief constable with lead 
responsibility for Organised Crime Portfolio 
should take immediate steps: to reconstitute the 
National Undercover Working Group with people who 
represent all the interests relevant to effective 
undercover policing; to set clear and published 
terms of reference and objectives; and to hold 
the Working Group to account for the effective achievement of those objectives.
It was also noted that awareness of the 
Authorised Professional Practice's guidance on 
undercovers was little known among the undercover units. (paragraph 7.69)
Following interviews with those who managed or 
oversaw undercover operations, the report concluded:
7.28 Overall, their general feeling was that the 
Working Group is not working effectively, and 
that it has not done so for some time. Those to 
whom we spoke had little confidence in the 
Working Group’s ability to provide policy and 
guidance that should then be adopted across all 
forces. There was also a perception that the 
Working Group did not have sufficient support 
from chief officers to enable it to have the 
influence that it needed in order to make sure 
that forces complied with the national standards 
in a consistent way. Too often, it relied too 
heavily on the views of its influential and 
experienced members to make decisions, rather 
than taking a more objective approach based on 
sound evidence and good analysis.
7.30 There were also concerns expressed to us 
about the failure of the Working Group to 
communicate effectively with the undercover 
community – the community for which it was 
established to provide leadership and direction.
The report authors commented on the attitude of 
the 'undercover community', saying:
7.33 A view that "the undercover community has 
been nailed shut for years" accorded with our own 
conclusion that there is a reluctance in some 
quarters to embrace change or to accept challenge or criticism.
This lack of scrutiny went to the senior levels also:
7.49 We found that the leadership of undercover 
policing at a national level lacks clarity of 
purpose. This materially inhibits the way that 
the National Undercover Working Group goes about 
contributing to the setting of national standards 
and being a conduit for sharing good practice. 
The absence of scrutiny and challenge by either 
the Organised Crime Portfolio or the National 
Crime Business Area increases the risk of new 
ideas being missed and poor practice not being identified.
In response to the criticism in the 2014 report, 
Jon Boutcher, then Chair of the NUWG responded, 
defending undercover policing as a tactic despite 
'unacceptable behaviour by a number of undercover 
officers in the past'. He also stating that 
reforms were already underway, including the 
establishment of an oversight group.[7] This 
group is believed to be the National Undercover 
Scrutiny Panel (also known as the National Oversight Group).
Other recommendations from the Otter report included:
Recommendation 7 – The National Undercover 
Working Group should clarify the precise role of 
the operational head (more commonly referred to 
as the senior investigating officer) with regard 
to the briefing of undercover officers and set 
out clear guidance regarding which officer 
(however he or she may be described) is responsible for what. (p.33)
Recommendation 18 – The National Undercover 
Working Group, with oversight from the chief 
constable with responsibility for the National 
Crime Business Area, should establish a blueprint 
for the regionalisation of undercover policing 
resources for forces which wish to bring their 
resources together in this way. Its overarching 
aim should be to ensure that those investigations 
that would benefit most from deploying undercover 
police officers are appropriately resourced, no 
matter which force in the region hosts the investigation.(p.34)
Recommendation 19 – The National Undercover 
Working Group should devise a standard results 
analysis check-sheet and require the appropriate 
managers to complete it after each undercover 
deployment is concluded. Issues that may have 
national implications or relevance should be 
brought to the attention of the National Undercover Working Group. (p.34)
Recommendation 20 – The College of Policing 
should issue guidance to all those who are able 
to deploy undercover officers concerning any 
deployment for intelligence-only purposes, to 
reinforce the fact that every officer deployed in 
every circumstance may be required to give 
evidence in court about their conduct or use, and 
about the evidence that they obtained during their deployment.(p.35)
Recommendation 21 – The National Undercover 
Working Group should work with representatives of 
the Crown Prosecution Service to review the 
memorandum of understanding between them and 
other law enforcement agencies to require 
consultation prior to the grant of any authority 
to deploy undercover police officers.(p.35)
Recommendation 42 – The National Undercover 
Working Group should establish and circulate 
detailed guidance on retaining records connected 
to a request for the authorisation to deploy an 
undercover officer. The records should include 
those applications which are refused and those 
which are subsequently amended and resubmitted for approval. (p.37)
Recommendation 46 – The National Undercover 
Working Group should establish and promulgate 
clear guidance setting out the circumstances in 
which inspectors from the Office of Surveillance 
Commissioners should be able to visit covert premises.(p.37)
Members

Chair people
The Chair of the NUWG appears to be synonymous 
with being the 'national policing lead for undercover policing'.[19]
Trevor Pearce: Director General of the Serious 
Organised Crime Agency, and Director of 
Specialist Operations for its successor 
organisation, the National Crime Agency. He spent 
five years as chair of the NUWG. In 2011 he was 
asked to conduct a review of the activities of 
undercover officer Jim Boyling who had 
infiltrated protest groups in London.[20] He also 
chaired the National Source Working Group, and 
was a member of the Terrorism and Allied Matters 
Committee.[21] He has been vice-chair and chair 
of the International Working Group on Undercover 
Activities.[22] A former Kent Special Branch 
officer, his previous role in the National Crime 
Squad places him close to the units that would 
become the National Domestic Extremism units and 
ran undercovers such as Lynn Watson and Mark 
Kennedy. His role as head of SOCA also provided 
him with oversight of that agency's role in the 
European Cooperation Group on Undercover Activities.
Patricia Gallan, Deputy Assistant Commissioner, 
Metropolitan Police; Chair of NUWG 2006 to 
2012.[23] She was asked by Commissioner Bernard 
Hogan-Howe to establish Operation Herne (then 
Operation Soisson) in the wake of the Mark 
Kennedy exposure. She had stepped down by January 
2013 due having too many other duties.[24] 
However, it was on the base of this role that she 
stated to Parliament in June 2013 that the use of 
identities of dead children by undercover 
officers had stopped by 2012.[8] Previously she 
had served as 'Assistant Chief Constable with the 
National Crime Squad in January 2005, taking 
command of a wide and varied portfolio including 
undercover policing operations, informants and 
witness protection,' and had been a Detective 
Superintendent with Criminal Investigations 
Branch (SO11), working in covert policing.[23] It 
is also known that she also served as ACPO Lead 
and Chair of the National Source Working Group 
while an ACC at Merseyside Police.[25] She had 
previously been Director of Intelligence and 
Operations Support (from January 2005) with the 
National Crime Squad under Trevor Pearce.[26]
Richard Martin, Commander, Head of Intelligence 
and Covert Policing in the MPS Specialist Crime 
and Operations division. He replaced Patricia 
Gallan in January 2013 as Chair of the NUWG.[24] 
In 2013 Martin, as the person with 
'responsibility for the oversight of intelligence 
and covert policing in the MPS', and in his 
capacity as NUWG chair gave two statements 
supporting the police's position around the 
controversial 'Neither Confirm Nor Deny' policy 
of not revealing the identities of former 
undercover officers in the case brought by eight 
people who had relationships with undercovers 
sent into protest movements.[27] He stepped down 
as NUWG chair in August 2014, though he denied it 
was in advance the HMIC report (passim) which 
came out in October that year, which criticised 
poor leadership in the NUWG.[28] He remained as a 
member of the NUWG. His successor, Jon Boutcher, stated:[7]
Commander Richard Martin made a decision in 
August 2014 that, as undercover policing is such 
an important issue, the working group would 
benefit from the leadership of a more senior 
police officer with a greater influence 
nationally... Richard Martin is still providing a 
valuable contribution to the working group and 
has done an outstanding job in designing the 
programme of work that is now delivering the 
improvements that the report recommends.
Jon Boutcher, Deputy Chief Constable of 
Bedforshire Police. Replaced Richard Martin as 
Chair of the NUWG in August 2014.[28][29] He had 
previously been National Co-ordinator PURSUE, and 
is also National Policing lead for the Regulation 
of Investigatory Powers Act.[30] He was still 
chair in June 2015 when he was involved in the 
National Undercover Scrutiny Panel.[31] He also 
oversees the Eastern Region Special Operations 
Unit noted in the job advert above, and has a 
noted career first as an officer with the 
Metropolitan Police's Flying Squad, the National 
Crime Squad, and then as a senior investigator in counter-terrorism.[32]
Other members
Kevin O'Leary: 2002 to 2010 was Head of 
Operations (Specialist Crime) for the 
Metropolitan Police. In 2012, as Detective Chief 
Superintendent, was 'responsible for all 
detective, intelligence and forensic operational 
teams' during the 2012 Olympics. Of his work he has written:[33]
I created a strategic ethics committee in 2008 to 
provide an additional layer of governance in the 
use of intrusive methods of investigation. I 
recruited academics, lawyers and senior people 
from NGOs to provide a sounding board for 
proposed operations, taking external views and 
feedback on the proportionality of covert policing methods.
I led the national training & development working 
group, modernising the selection, recruitment, 
training and continuing professional development 
of specialist officers. This was a significant 
project, negotiating with and influencing 
representatives from all UK police forces and 
other law enforcement agencies to accept and 
adopt proposals for radical reforms and 
modernisation, now embedded as 'Authorised 
Professional Practice' within the College of Policing.
I was elected as the chair of an international 
working group for two years in 2009, leading a 
network of colleagues sharing in good practice 
and specialist investigative techniques in more than 40 countries.
Commended for leadership of the unit by 
Commander, Covert Policing, New Scotland Yard in 2010.
He is the author of A final report from the 
National Undercover Working Group Training and 
Development sub-group (2010).[34]
Del Mehat. From August 2010 - September 2011, was 
a Detective Chief Inspector managing the Covert 
Operations Unit (SCD10) in the Metropolitan 
Police. According to his LinkedIn profile, during this time he was:[35]
chair of the national training subgroup for the NUWG;
represented UK police at the International 
Working Group on Undercover Policing; and
was the national lead on recruitment, selection 
and training of undercover officers.
Previously, from April 2003 to September 2008, he 
represented the MPS at the NUWG while leading two 
teams of covert police for SCD10/11, still according to his LinkedIn profile:
I was also instrumental in the development of a 
new Infiltration Unit for the MPS using my 
experience from a similar project whilst I was 
employed at the National Crime Squad. In 
addition, I was the course director of the 
National Undercover Training and Assessment 
Course and responsible for developing training for Baltic Nations.
I ensured that all undercover training nationally 
was accredited to ensure interoperability and I 
developed an innovative method of infiltrating 
communities through working with local commanders 
and local authorities to fight crime using covert methods at a local level.
Key responsibilities:
Enhanced the use of the "Ethics Committee" to 
scrutinise undercover operations from an independent viewpoint.
Course Director for the National Undercover Training Course
Branch lead on diversity to recruit, retain and progress minority groups.
Developed a diversity strategy which was rolled out to other departments.
Frankie Flood, QPM: listed as a representative of 
the National Undercover Working Group at the June 
2015 meeting of the National Undercover Scrutiny 
Panel.[31] Detective Superintendent, Head of 
Covert Governance and Intelligence Compliance for 
the Metropolitan Police in 2015.[36] As head of 
the Covert Standard Unit in the Metropolitan 
Police he is also the secretary of the NPCC's 
National Operational Security Working Group.[37]
Kingsley Hyland: Solicitor-Advocate and Head of 
the Complex Casework Unit for Crown Prosecution 
Service North East. Member of the Peer Review 
Group of the inter-agency review of RIPA. Also described as:[38]
the CPS representative on National Source Working 
Group and on the National Undercover Working 
Group, the CPS lead tutor on covert law enforcement issues.
Jon Murphy: Chief Constable of Merseyside, where 
he had previously served under Bernard Hogan-Howe 
and alongside Pat Gallan as an Assistant Chief 
Constable. It was Murphy who spoke out on behalf 
of ACPO when the Mark Kennedy undercover policing 
scandal broke in 2011.[39] As head of the Crime 
Business Area, he has also spoken on behalf of 
the NUWG in College of Policing meetings in 2015 where he reported:[40]
5.1 Members noted progress made by the National 
Undercover Working Group and the College to 
implement the undercover action plan which was 
recently submitted to the Home Secretary and 
published in the House of Commons Library.
5.2 The consequences of rescinding licences and 
accreditation for undercover policing units and officers was also discussed.
2001 to 2004 he had been Assistant Chief 
Constable (Operations) for the National Crime 
Squad, where he had served under Trevor Pearce.[41][26]
See also

National Undercover Scrutiny Panel
Covert Policing Ethics Committee
National Public Order Intelligence Unit
Serious Organised Crime Agency
European Cooperation Group on Undercover Activities
International Working Group on Undercover Activities
External Resources

HM Inspectorate of Constabulary reports:
2014: An inspection of undercover policing in England and Wales
2013: A review of progress made against the 
recommendations in HMIC’s 2012 report on the 
national police units which provide intelligence 
on criminality associated with protest
2012: A review of national police units which 
provide intelligence on criminality associated with protest
Notes

? 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 HM Inspectorate of 
Constabulary, A review of national police units 
which provide intelligence on criminality 
associated with protest, January 2012 (accessed 31 March 2015).
? 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Stephen Otter (lead 
author), An inspection of undercover policing in 
England and Wales, HM Inspectorate of 
Constabulary, October 2014 (accessed 30 March 2015).
? Jason Lavan, National undercover scrutiny 
panel, College of Policing press release, 13 
March 2015 (accessed 23 March 2015).
? BBC News, Acpo overhaul needed, says general's 
report for PCCs, 14 November 2013, accessed August 2015.
? Nick Parker, 
[http://www.apccs.police.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Independent-Review-of-ACPO.pdf 
Independent Review of ACPO, August 2013 (accessed August 2015).
? 6.0 6.1 6.2 HM Inspectorate of Constabulary, A 
review of progress made against the 
recommendations in HMIC’s 2012 report on the 
national police units which provide intelligence 
on criminality associated with protest, 27 June 
2013, p. 6 para. 2.17 (accessed 30 March 2015)
? 7.0 7.1 7.2 Jon Boutcher, Reforms of undercover 
policing already underway, National Police 
Chiefs' Council, press release, 14 October 2014 (accessed 1 April 2015).
? 8.0 8.1 Damian Green, Government Response to 
the Committee's Thirteenth Report of Session 
2012-13, Home Affairs Committee, 18 June 2013 (accessed 1 April 2015).
? Neil Smith, Response to Freedom of Information 
Request, College of Policing, 26 November 2015 (accessed 26 November 2015).
? The Memorandum of Understanding was signed by 
Keir Starmer QC, Director of Public Prosecutions, 
Sir Hugh Orde OBE QPM (Association of Chief 
Police Officers), Trevor Pearce QPM (Serious 
Organised Crime Agency) and Donald Toon (HM 
Revenue & Customs) in June 2012. Crown 
Prosecution Service Closer working on prosecution 
cases involving undercover police officers as 
agreement is signed between investigators and 
prosecutors, press release, 3 July 2012 (accessed August 2015).
? Sir Christopher Rose, Annual Report of the 
Chief Surveillance Commissioner for 2013-14, 
Office of Surveillance Commissioners, 4 September 
2014, p. 7 (accessed August 2015).
? Sir Christopher Rose, Annual Report of the 
Chief Surveillance Commissioner for 2013-14, 
Office of Surveillance Commissioners, 4 September 
2014, p. 17-18 (accessed August 2015).
? Enhanced Intelligence Course, College of 
Policing, 2015 (accessed 22 November 2015).
? CHIS Authorising Officers Course, Metropolitan 
Police Service, 2015 (accessed 22 November 2015).
? For example, The Training Company Ltd and Xact 
Consultancy & Training Limited (sites accessed 22 November 2015).
? Natalie Davison, College of Policing response 
to HMIC report on deployment of undercover police 
officers, College of Policing, 27 June 2013 (accessed 1 April 2015).
? Covert Policing: Undercover Policing, 
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